The Dance of the Neighbours is part of The Three-Cornered Hat, a ballet by the Spanish composer Manuel de Falla, with choreography by Léonide Massine, based on the eponymous novel by the 19th-century writer Pedro Antonio de Alarcón. Following its premiere in London on 21 July 1919, the work enjoyed resounding success, praised for its successful synthesis of music, dance, drama, and set design. This premiere took place at the Alhambra Theatre in the British capital, conducted by Ernest Ansermet, with sets and costumes designed by Pablo Picasso.